Biology Lesson 6 Exam Essay Example for Free

Biology Lesson 6 Exam Essay Question 1 2 points Save Epithelial, muscle, connective, and nervous are types of what? bones cells tissues (pages 846-847) organs Question 2 2 points Save Which of the following is NOT a structural characteristic of bone? Haversian canals periosteum connective bone (pages 851-852) bone marrow Question 3 2 points Save Freely movable, slightly movable, and immovable are types of what? bones subcutaneous tissues muscles joints (page 854) Question 4 2 points Save Which is NOT a characteristic or function of the epidermis? repair of damaged cells (page 861) flattened cells protection from outside forces  contain waterproofing protein Question 5 2 points Save Which type of blood vessel is both strong and elastic? capillary artery (page 873). Vein venule Question 6 2 points Save Which of the following are the smallest and most numerous blood vessels in the body? venules veins arteries Capillaries (page 874) Question 7 2 points Save Air moves through the bronchi to the alveoli by a network of tiny tubes called arterioles. venules. capillaries. bronchioles. (page 886) Question 8 2 points Save Which of the following lists the correct order of structures through which air passes as it enters the body and proceeds to the lungs? Nose, larynx, trachea, pharynx pharynx, nose, larynx, trachea nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea (page 886) pharynx, nose, trachea, larynx Question 9 2 points Save Most of the end products of digestion are absorbed into the circulatory system from which organ? liver (page 911) pancreas large intestine small intestine Question 10 2 points Save The mouth, small intestine, and kidneys have functions that involve the digestion of food, synthesis of vitamins, and filtering of the blood. intake, digestion, absorption, and elimination of food and its wastes. secretion of bile, digestion of food, and reabsorption of water. All of the above. Question 11 2 points Save Pancreas is to small intestine enzymes as stomach is to saliva. stomach is to proteins from amino acids. liver is to bile. (page 910) liver is to hydrochloric acid. Question 12 2 points Save Ureter is to urinary bladder as urinary bladder is to ureter. urethra is to urinary bladder. urethra is to ureter. urinary bladder is to urethra. (page 914) Question 13 2 points Save As urine passes through the nephrons in the kidneys, urine from the renal tubule empties into a larger tube called a(n) ureter. (page 914) collecting tube. Bowmans capsule. renal vein. Question 14 2 points Save Which of the following is the blood vessel with the largest diameter? capillary artery vein (page 874) venule Question 15 2 points Save The skin repels pathogens by functioning as a barrier. by producing antibodies. with sweat, which contains lysozyme. both a and c. (page 924) Question 16 2 points Save As a defense against pathogens, mucous membranes cover all of the bodys surfaces to act as an impenetrable barrier. line internal body surfaces that contact the environment. (page 924) produce antibodies to combat infection. secrete sweat, which has antibacterial enzymes. Question 17 2 points Save An allergic response is NOT typically caused by harmless antigens. pollen. histamine. both a and c. Question 18 2 points Save The function of neurons is to maintain a difference in electrical charge across the cell membrane. have specific ions cross the membrane through ion channels. maintain a membrane potential with charged ions on either side of the cell membrane. all of the above. (page 945) Question 19 2 points Save When an impulse moves down the axon, sodium ions first rush out of the cell. a small part of the axon momentarily reverses its polarity (page 946). The resting potential of the cell does not change. potassium ions are pumped into the axon. Question 20 2 points Save When a neuron is at rest, sodium ions are most concentrated inside the cell. potassium ions are most concentrated inside the cell. the outside of the cell is negatively charged. b and c. (page 946) Question 21 2 points Save After an action potential, the voltage-gated sodium channels close and then sodium ions diffuse into the axon. potassium ions flow out of the axon. (page 947) the membrane potential becomes positive. neurotransmitters cross the cell membrane. Question 22 2 points Save. Refer to the illustration below to answer this question. Which structure regulates movement and posture? A B (Cerebellum) C D Question 23 2 points Save Refer to the illustration in question 22 to answer this question. Which structure regulates intellectual function? A (Cerebrum) B C D Question 24 2 points Save The brain stem is responsible for directing information in the brain and secreting hormones. regulating vital functions and memory. (pages 951-952) motor processing and regulating homeostatic functions. sensory processing and regulating balance. Question 25 2 points Save. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the spinal cord? It runs through the vertebral column. It extends just below the rib cage. It uses spinal nerves to connect to the PNS. It has a dorsal and ventral root at each end. (pages 952-953) Question 26 2 points Save Which of the following is NOT a function of hormones? initiate behavior and reproduction (page 974) coordinate the production and use of energy maintain nutrition and metabolism react to stimuli from outside the body Question 27 2 points Save The gland that is stimulated during emergency situations (causing the fight-or-flight response) is the  hypothalamus. thyroid. adrenal. (page 985) pituitary. Question 28 2 points Save Development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics are mainly stimulated by secretions of the pituitary. hypothalamus. pancreas. ovaries. Question 29 2 points Save Thyroid hormones stimulate cell metabolism and growth. (page 984) slow growth of their target cells. stimulate synthesis of DNA. bind to receptor molecules on the target cells surface. Question 30 2 points Save Which of the following is NOT a major structure of the male reproductive system? testes corpus luteum epididymis urethra Question 31 2 points Save. A sperm cell consists of a tail used for locomotion and a head that contains ____, which help(s) the sperm cell penetrate an egg cell. semen RNA enzymes (page 997) mucous Question 32 2 points Save After the ovum leaves the ovary, what is the first structure it passes through? corpus luteum cervix uterus fallopian tubes (page 1000) Question 33 2 points Save Which of the following is NOT a major structure of the female reproductive system? bulbourethral glands uterus ovary fallopian tube Question 34 10 points Save Match the terms in Column I with the definitions in Column II. Skeletal system F endocrine system H immune system C reproductive system I muscular system F circulatory system D digestive system G respiratory system A excretory system J nervous system E A. regulates supply of gases from ATP production B. provides negative feedback signals C. protects body against foreign dangers D. rapid transit for liquids and gases E. primary regulator of sensory functions F. provides support and means of motion G. processes materials for growth and maintenance H. makes cells used in circulatory system I. only system in which meiosis occurs J. takes out whats not wanted in the blood.

Application of Quality and Systems Management

Application of Quality and Systems Management Strategic Quality and Systems Management (SQSM) Understanding and application of quality and systems management in an organization Preface Company profile Grundfos Pumps Ltd (GPL) is wholly owned subsidiary company of Grundfos Holding A/S Denmark. GPL is a sales and marketing company covering the UK, founded in 1964 as the 2nd sales company to be setup outside Denmark. GPL today is a leader company of supply pumps and pumps systems for domestic, commercial building services and industrial applications. In 2012 the turnover was  £142m which achieved by 140 staff who are all engaged in supporting sales covering all UK by the main office which located at Leighton Buzzard and another five regional sales offices. Grundfos purpose statement: â€Å"Grundfos is a global leader in advanced pump solutions and a trendsetter in water technology. We contribute to global sustainability by pioneering technologies that improve quality of life for people and care for the plant† Market share research, showing that GPL are very strong in the domestic applications sales as they have 72% of the whole market in addition to commercial application. In 2009 GPL addresses the question â€Å"how can we become a  £200m business by 2020?† this question was setup as a long term strategic target. 1.1 Explain the importance of effective operations management in achieving organizational objectives (A.C 1-1) Market opportunities, economy and efficiency of conversion operations are the main goals of each organization. Operations management as a part of the organization system has own objectives which should align with the organization strategic plan and objectives. Operations Management objectives can be categorized into (1) customer service and (2) resource utilization which are fully integrated. Generally customer satisfaction is the most important and key objective of the operation management, this leads the organization to utilize their resources for the satisfaction of customers. So operating system shall provide either product or services to a specification which can satisfy the customers in terms of timing and cost to achieve the primary satisfaction. GPL employ a team of fully dedicated staff who interface with customer, either face to face or telephone basis, taking in the consideration sales and marketing is the core of the operating system. 1.2 Evaluate the success of existing operations management processes in meeting an organisation’s overall strategic management objectives. (A.C 1-2) The fully dedicated staff are consider the heart of success and their feedback feed information to the company via the line / regional managers to address any issue in the quarterly meeting. Grundfos production and supply chain companies such as ; GBW,GDS,PGF and Hillage are primary supplier to GPL , in other term , GPL maintain an approved supplier list and agreements are held for these supplier to assure the continuity and avoiding risks in term of time and cost. GPL has regular meeting with GBW and the other supplier to review the products and to develop them against the market requirements and competitor offerings. GPL is being able to provide solutions for large commercial applications on a project basis , that was complying with the unsettled condition during economic crises in 2007/2008 in addition to the ability of supplying energy efficient options which align with GPL sustainably strategy . 2.1 Explain the importance of effective quality management in achieving organisational objectives. (A.C 2-1) Business success extent how the organization can produce a higher quality product and service than the other compotators with a competitive price .Quality is the key to GPL success as it shall increase and continue with the higher percentage of the sales in the commercial and domestic application, and they are focusing to increase their share in the industrial waste water market as they currently have 7% of the market share. GPL is a new comer to the industrial waste water market which considers a potential significant growth in this market. To exploit that, they need to develop their consulting capabilities to be reflected on their delivery and projects. 2.2 Evaluate the success of existing quality management processes in meeting an organisation’s overall strategic management objectives. (A.C 2-2) GPL has used UK award entry to benchmark their selves in the local and broader business communities, by technological developments and promote environmental issues. They have some significant success such as BPMA PIA (Pump Industry Award), BSS (Customer- Most improved supplier) and Green Apple (environmental) award in addition to ISO9001 ISO 14001 to comply successfully with the standards. Chart 2-2-1 showing that the main strategic target to achieve  £200m sales by 2020 might be setup according to the slightly linear curve for the planned sales growth in all market sectors. This required all sectors to remain focussed and monitoring their gaols against a set of KPIs. To be in line the plan to achieve the required results, continuous monitoring and taking the required actions as a corrective or preventive action needs to be taken if there is any deviation on the plan. 3.1 Plan a strategic quality change to improve organisational performance. (A.C 3-1) Quality is a major part of GPL operating system and considers one of the main needs to achieve the strategic goal which become a  £200m business by 2020; GPL’s quality system showing continues improvement among the last 10 years which align with their business growth. Some of the EFQM Excellence Model’s criteria planned to be implemented as a short term plan for one year, and to evaluate the required resources tools and systems to implement all the model’s criteria within the next upcoming two years. EFQM Excellence Model is a practical framework that enables the organization to: Asses where they are on the path to excellence, and helping them to understand their key strength and potential caps. Provide a common vocabulary (Excellence language) and way of thinking about the organization that facilitate the effective communication of ideas. Integrate existing and planned initiatives, removing duplication and identifying gaps. Provide a basic structure for the organization’s management system. The main target of implementing the EFQM Excellence Model is to achieve and sustain outstanding levels of performance that meet or exceed the expectation of all GPL’s stockholder. Two of nine of the EFQM Model’s criteria were chosen and adjusted at the first stage of implementing the EFQM model in GPL: Strategy criterion: GPL to implement its mission and vision by developing a stockholder focused strategy, policies, objectives and plans by the following: Understanding the needs of stakeholder; by gathering stakeholder’s needs and expectations of stakeholder as an input to the strategy development process. Identify and analyse the external indicators such as economic and market trends. Analyse the operational performance trends to understand the current and potential capabilities and identify where development is needed. Compare and benchmark their performance to evaluate their strengths and areas of improvement. Select clear goals and objectives which align with the market opportunities. People criterion: GPL to value its people and create a culture that allows the mutuality beneficial achievements, developing the capability of people and promote fairness and equality by the following: Define clearly the people level of performance which required achieving the strategic goals. Align people plans with the strategic goals. Develop people’s skills and competencies to ensure their future mobility and employability. Understand the communication needs of their people and use a proper tools and strategies to maintain that. 3.2 Define resources, tools and systems to support business processes in a strategic quality change. (A.C 3-2) Resources, tools and systems required to implement the setup plan by applying some of the EFQM Excellence Model’s criteria are very limited as GPL has own quality system and resources. Additional resources, tools and systems listed below: Well known EFQM quality specialist (from the existing team, to get EFQM training). Market economic researcher (from the existing team or can be newly hired). HR specialist (from the existing team). Scoring sheet. Analysis and trend program (Microsoft Excel can be used). Training Calendar for all employees. Site visit Calendar for top management and EFQM specialist. Audit program. Training program which align with the strategic targets 3.3 Evaluate the wider implications of planned strategic quality change in an organization. (A.C3-3) Two criteria were selected to be implemented as a short term plan, to be the start of implementing the EFQM Excellence Model. To support GPL achieve their strategic goal, to become a  £200M business by 2020. Strategy and people criteria selected to be implemented to help GPL to be on the track of achieving the target and to find out any gaps or potential threat. People as explained before are the core and the engine of GPL business; the plan was setup to assure that they are aligned with GPL strategy goals and to achieve their satisfaction. 3.4 Design systems to monitor the implementation of a strategic quality change in an organisation. (A.C 3-4) Scoring sheet for each criterion designed to evaluate the success of implementation, to follow up and take the required correction preventive action as the following: Zero to 11: require an immediate corrective action and recovery plan. 12 to 23: require a motivation and preventive action in addition to recovery plan. 24 to 28: result to be populated and participants to be honoured. 4.1 Implement a strategic quality change in an organisation. (A.C 4 -1) Strategy criterion: The management team determine the market and product sales strategies, targets and goals. Each director summaries this in a â€Å"Market Signals† report for their business area, incorporating feedback from the UK market. Bi-annually, input is gathered from group management in form of a target letter. This letter includes broad sales and cost targets that drive GPL’s overall business objectives. The board of directors meets quarterly with GPL to review the direction and plan the strategy going forward. Company goals are communicated at the company conference and published via their internal communication system. Each division develops their own strategy map to translate these objectives into specific actions. Based on the strategy map, annual plans and budget, GPL develop a set of KPIs as a tool to be used to review their progress against their goals. People criterion: Bi-annual survey, managed globally by Grundfos Group, which is completed by individuals anonymously. Themes include: employees satisfaction, motivation, loyalty, personal development and pay terms. It also asks for opinions on management, daily work and colleague relationship. According to the defined strategic, GPL determine the skills competencies required to achieve these goals. The assessment from the Employee Development Dialogue (EDD) enables them to identify the gaps between the current and required skills and ensure appropriate training is available, either from the Grundfos Academy or another parties. EDD completed annually in the form of 1:1 meeting with the line manager, with a mid-year review to check the progress, topics discussed are performance evaluation, target development, skills gap analysis and training needs. GPL use different channels to communicate with their employees, including direct discussion, INSITE, the annual conference, the work council, meetings and notice boards. All employees are eligible for either individual bonuses or team reward. The bonuses are based on their performance against objectives. 4.2 Embed a quality culture in an organisation to ensure continuous monitoring and development. (A.C 4-2) The board directors consider the plan of the quality change as a part of the strategic plan, and the result of implementation and monitoring were included in their quarterly meeting agenda to endorse all employees to achieve the target of the plan. 4.3 Monitor the implementation of a strategic quality change in an organization. (A.C 4-3) Site visits and assessment of the planned criteria show that GPL hasn’t benchmarked and compared their performance with the compotators, while they covered all the planed objectives under the people criterion. 5.1 Evaluate the outcomes of a strategic quality change in an organization. (A.C 5 – 1) As a final evaluation, results of the assessment considered as a tracker to the strategic goal and guarantee that the operation management system align with the planned objectives. That helps the top management to evaluate the business trend to keep GPL on the track to become a â€Å" £200M business†. 5.2 Recommend areas for improvement to a strategic quality change that align with organisational objectives. (A.C 5-2) Continue with monitoring and controlling the implemented criteria. Plan, implement and monitor of implementation all the EFQM Model’s criteria to sustain the outstanding level of performance and reinforce a culture of excellence of GPL’s people References Kumar, S Suresh, N. (2009) Operation Management. New Age International, New Delhi. Pekar,P. (1995) Total Quality System: Guiding Principles for Application. ASTM, Philadelphia. Arab British Academy for Higher Education (2015), academic website (online) available from: http://www.abahe.co.uk/business-administration/Quality-Management-Systems.pdf (accessed on 15th Feb 2015) Case Study, Grundfos Pumps Ltd. (2013). EFQM Publications, Brussels. EFQM Excellence Model. (2013). EFQM publications, Brussels.

Karl Rahner And The Anonymous Christian Theology Religion Essay

Karl Rahner And The Anonymous Christian Theology Religion Essay Before we go into talking about Karl Rahners idea of the anonymous Christian, let me tell you a little bit about Karl Rahner himself. Most of my information about Karl Rahner comes from the Karl Rahner Society. When you get a chance, you should check out the website. There is a lot more information on there about his life and some of his works. Karl Rahner was born in Freiburg, Germany on March 5, 1904 and died in Innsbruck, Austria, March 30, 1984. In 1922, Rahner entered the Jesuit order and he was soon one of the most influential Roman Catholic theologians in the Vatican II era. He wrote many essays that covered a broad range of topics. Most of these essays were on what concerned the Catholics from the 1940s to the 1980s. His essays provided many resources for both academic and pastoral theology. Karl Rahner was very popular in his native German-speaking countries. He became popular through his teaching, lectures, editorial labors and membership in learned societies. Rahner was published in international publications like Concilium and he had a large collection of works. Rahner also enjoyed a positive reception of his contributions by many Protestant thinkers. After Rahners service as an official papal theological expert from 1960 to 1965, his influence became more evident. The term anonymous Christian was thought up by Karl Rahner in an attempt to explain how non-Christians could still be saved by the Passion, Death and Resurrection of Christ. To better understand how Rahner arrives at his concept of the anonymous Christian, it is important to first understand the basis of Rahners ideas. Karl Rahner was greatly influenced by Immanuel Kant and two contemporary Thomists, Joseph Marà ©chal and Pierre Rousselot. Marà ©chal and Rousselot were said to play a major role in the influence Rahners understanding of Thomas Aquinas. The basis of Rahners thoughts comes from his belief of Gods self-communication. Rahner says the self-communication of God is transcendent. It transcends all of the tangible means in history by which we have known God, such as holy people, places, and things. He says we all know God when he communicates to us. God communicates by becoming immediate to us. We recognize God as a supporter, or someone who fills an emptiness when we need help because God hears our unconscious call and fills that emptiness. Through this communication God offers people forgiveness. This thinking process is what leads Karl Rahner to the idea of the anonymous Christian. Rahners first two books were Spirit in the Word and Hearer of the Word. Through these books and in Rahners essays, it shows his way of thinking and believing. Rahner believes that God is in all things and he shows a deep devotion to Jesus and the Catholic doctrine. Rahner talks about the anonymous Christian in an interview provided to Rev. Norman Wong Cheong Sau in an article titled Karl Rahners Concepts of the Anonymous Christian an Inclusivist View of Religions; in this article, Rahner provided his personal definition of an anonymous Christian: We prefer the terminology according to which a man is called anonymous Christian who on the one hand has de facto accepted of his freedom this gracious self-offering on Gods part through faith, hope and love, while on the other he is absolutely not yet a Christian at the social level (through baptism and membership of the Church) or in the sense of having consciously objectified his Christianity to himself in his own mind (by explicit Christian faith resulting from having hearkened to the explicit message.) We might therefore, put it as follows: the anonymous Christian in our sense of the term is the pagan after the beginning of the Christian mission, who lives in the state of Christs grace through faith, hope, and love, yet who has no explicit knowledge of the fact that his life is orientated in grace-given salvation to Jesus Christ. In another interview with the State of Catholic Theology Today, Karl Rahner answers a question about his anonymous Christian idea. Interviewer: Tell us something about your ideas on what you call anonymous Christianity. Rahner: Anonymous Christianity means that a person lives in the grace of God and attains salvation outside of explicitly constituted Christianityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Let us say, a Buddhist monkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ who, because he follows his conscience, attains salvation and lives in the grace of God; of him I must say that he is an anonymous Christian; if not, I would have to presuppose that there is a genuine path to salvation that really attains that goal, but that simply has nothing to do with Jesus Christ. But I cannot do that. And so, if I hold if everyone depends upon Jesus Christ for salvation, and if at the same time I hold that many live in the world who have not expressly recognized Jesus Christ, then there remains in my opinion nothing else but to take up this postulate of an anonymous Christianity. A non-anonymous Christian is someone who has accepted Christ into their lives. Someone who lives with the grace of Gods grace, love, hope and understanding. A person who declares themselves a Christian is someone who has been baptized and lives by Gods laws. Rahner basis his belief in the anonymous Christian as someone who lives a Christian lifestyle, but has not yet declared himself a true Christian. According to Rahner, to declare yourself a true Christian, you must be baptized, attend mass, and pray in the traditional standard way. A true Christian should live in a Christ like manner and follow Gods laws. This type of person declares themselves a Christian in every way possible: the way they talk, the way they pray, and their absolution from original sin. Think of Mother Teresa, she would be a good example of a declared Christian. She followed Gods words and teachings and accepted Jesus in her life. Rahner accepts the idea that there is more than one way to reach God. He says through Jesus is only but one way. Gandi can be an example of an anonymous Christian. Although, he did not call himself a Christian by name, he lived in a Christ like manner. Gandhi followed his religion faithfully and lived by Gods laws. On page 75 of the Rahner Reader there is a quote that describes how Gandhi could be called an anonymous Christian, The mind of even the anonymous Christian is raised to the supernatural order by the grace of Christ, philosophy is not purely secular activity. The best of modern philosophy should be considered the self-reflection of a mind to which God has revealed himself implicitly through his grace. Through Gandhis self-awareness and through his though process, he has Christian like beliefs. Though Gandhi is not a declared Christian, he would be considered an anonymous Christian because his lifestyle and beliefs brought him into the grace of God. Can just anyone become an anonymous Christian The answer is yes, but the answer to this question is also based on a persons beliefs, their way of thinking, and their supernatural salvation. God denies no man. Gods grace is open to all men, according to Rahner. Jesus Christ died on the cross for all mens salvation. Even the ones who dont realize it will still be saved. This must mean that the non-Christians who end up in heaven must have received the grace of Christ without their realizing it. Again, this is where we get the term, Anonymous Christian. This idea and thinking can cause some mind-boggling issues. Upon doing my research on this subject on the internet, I came across some other peoples point of view on the subject. The main question that really stood out to me was If I am going to be saved anyway, then why should I convert to Christianity? While this is a good question and made me do some further research. When you take a minute and actually think about the question at hand, it is a horrible way for someone to think. Yes, you will probably get into heaven anyway because Jesus already died on the cross for our sins, but wouldnt you want to convert to Christianity to give yourself an even better chance of getting into heaven And there again, it all depends on the person and their personal beliefs. The Catholic Church believes that, although Christ is the Savior of the human race, a person does not have to know him personally to be saved. I think Rahner is just trying to get that message across to people through his works and his idea of the anonymous Christian. Salvation can only come through Christ, but God makes offers of salvation to non-Christians through their culture and own religion. Those who accept this offer are these anonymous Christians. Rahner says that even though they are not aware of Christ, they are saved by accepting Gods supernatural offer of grace through Christ. I can believe in this. If someone shows that they are a good person and does good things for themselves and other people (Think back to Gandhi and Mother Teresa) then I believe they will get into heaven regardless of their religion. I believe this because God sees that they are good people and that they have accepted Gods grace (knowingly or un-knowingly) into their lives. A persons actions determine whether or no they are worthy of Gods grace. The world is full of anonymous Christians. Some are people we walk by every day. In a summary, the term anonymous Christian to Karl Rahner could refer to a person who believes in the teachings of Jesus Christ, but is also someone who is not associated with any organized religion. Anonymous Christian could also be a term used for someone who does not wish to reveal their religious identity. Basically Karl Rahner is keeping to the Catholic religion in his belief that ALL people have a chance to be saved because Christ is the Savior of the human race. A person does not have to know Him personally to be saved. Rahner also insists that people should not give up on all missionary efforts. A persons chances at salvation are better if that person has an understanding of the Christian offer of grace.

We Cannot Permit Infringements on Privacy Essay -- Privacy Essays

George Orwell foresees a nightmarish-future for the world in his book 1984, where individualism loses precedence to "the good of society," and with it goes the individual's private life. "The [controlling] Party" in the socialist government knows the intimate details of all citizens, and prosecutes those who violate social orders through threatening speech, behavior or thoughts. The omnipresent visual warning "Big Brother is Watching You,† reminds citizens that no personal information is safe from the "Thought Police." While this may seem far-fetched to some, Orwell envisioned technology facilitating government's abuse of power in 1950; in the twenty-first century, progress has left one's private life susceptible to interested parties in both the public and private sectors. In 1997, Ralph Nader cautioned, "The people are not organized not equipped with the knowledge, tools or skills to confront the invasions of the self they can see, let alone the far greater, more subterranean kinds of surveillance" (viii). With the rise of computers to their current capabilities, collecting, storing, accessing and sharing personal data has become easier than ever before: governments and companies no longer keep files of paper records on individuals, which accessing, stealing or sharing would be too arduous a task, but rather electronic databases that they can easily create, access and link. Ellen Alderman and Caroline Kennedy note in their book The Right to Privacy, "From a privacy point of view, we are in the midst of the most unsettling period in [the computer] revolution" (326). Computers do not threaten personal privacy, though, nor violate any right granted to Americans: the word 'privacy' does not appear in the Constitution, nor does the p... ...rmation Center. â€Å"Double Trouble with the DoubleClick/Abacus Merger.† March 21, 2000. McWilliams, Brian. â€Å"Netscape Navigator Browser Snoops on Searches.† Newsbytes. March 7, 2002. "Finding Pay Dirt in Scannable Driver's Licenses.† New York Times, March 21, 2002: http://www.privacy.org Nicholson, Jonathan. â€Å"Account Info Sought to Combat Terror.† Reuters, February 26, 2002. Electronic Privacy Information Center. â€Å"Bill Track.† Electronic Frontier Foundation. â€Å"Analysis of the Provisions of the USA Patriot Act.† October 31, 2002. American Civil Liberties Union. â€Å"USA Patriot Act Boosts Government Powers While Cutting Back on Traditional Checks and Balances.† November 1, 2002. Additional Sources â€Å"Freedom of Speech, The EU Data Protection Directive and the Swedish Personal Data Act.† June 9, 2000. Online Privacy Alliance. â€Å"Privacy Initiatives by the Private Sector.† We Cannot Permit Infringements on Privacy Essay -- Privacy Essays George Orwell foresees a nightmarish-future for the world in his book 1984, where individualism loses precedence to "the good of society," and with it goes the individual's private life. "The [controlling] Party" in the socialist government knows the intimate details of all citizens, and prosecutes those who violate social orders through threatening speech, behavior or thoughts. The omnipresent visual warning "Big Brother is Watching You,† reminds citizens that no personal information is safe from the "Thought Police." While this may seem far-fetched to some, Orwell envisioned technology facilitating government's abuse of power in 1950; in the twenty-first century, progress has left one's private life susceptible to interested parties in both the public and private sectors. In 1997, Ralph Nader cautioned, "The people are not organized not equipped with the knowledge, tools or skills to confront the invasions of the self they can see, let alone the far greater, more subterranean kinds of surveillance" (viii). With the rise of computers to their current capabilities, collecting, storing, accessing and sharing personal data has become easier than ever before: governments and companies no longer keep files of paper records on individuals, which accessing, stealing or sharing would be too arduous a task, but rather electronic databases that they can easily create, access and link. Ellen Alderman and Caroline Kennedy note in their book The Right to Privacy, "From a privacy point of view, we are in the midst of the most unsettling period in [the computer] revolution" (326). Computers do not threaten personal privacy, though, nor violate any right granted to Americans: the word 'privacy' does not appear in the Constitution, nor does the p... ...rmation Center. â€Å"Double Trouble with the DoubleClick/Abacus Merger.† March 21, 2000. McWilliams, Brian. â€Å"Netscape Navigator Browser Snoops on Searches.† Newsbytes. March 7, 2002. "Finding Pay Dirt in Scannable Driver's Licenses.† New York Times, March 21, 2002: http://www.privacy.org Nicholson, Jonathan. â€Å"Account Info Sought to Combat Terror.† Reuters, February 26, 2002. Electronic Privacy Information Center. â€Å"Bill Track.† Electronic Frontier Foundation. â€Å"Analysis of the Provisions of the USA Patriot Act.† October 31, 2002. American Civil Liberties Union. â€Å"USA Patriot Act Boosts Government Powers While Cutting Back on Traditional Checks and Balances.† November 1, 2002. Additional Sources â€Å"Freedom of Speech, The EU Data Protection Directive and the Swedish Personal Data Act.† June 9, 2000. Online Privacy Alliance. â€Å"Privacy Initiatives by the Private Sector.†

Industrial Revolution Essay -- Technology, Inventions

Advancements in agriculture, textile, transportation and economic growth became possible only because of the Industrial Revolution. Taking place in the United States between 18th and 19th century, times went from separating the cotton from its seed to using an automated cotton gin made by an American inventor Eli Whitney. This allowed for the lower class citizens to be able to have the important goods such as medication and clothing. Before the American Industrial Revolution, people were mostly farmers and life went by slowly and tedious work was required for simple tasks. But with inventions like the cotton gin, and the assembly line, mass production evolved. The United States had one of the fastest economic growths than any other country during this time. The Industrial Revolution developed the world and how it produced its goods. There were numerous inventions that made everyday tasks easier to perform by eliminating the tedious work that people performed by replacing it with a m achine. The invention that fired up the Industrial Revolution was the steam engine, which was invented by James Watt in 1775. The steam engine made travel faster and more efficient, which is why it earned the name â€Å"Iron Horse†. The steam engine not only powered the trains, but it also powered the factories (The Industrial Revolution United State, page 27). This provided numerous factories and industries to transport their goods farther away and at a faster pace. The numerous inventions led to the radically increasing American economy. There would be more export of goods which would mean higher flow of money into the economy to boost the value of the American dollar. Mass production was cheap and it meant more goods can be produced, resulting in more pr... ...e busy cities and worked in the manufacturing and textile industries because the jobs altered from self – production to mass production. By constructing the road to a colossal economy, developing countless jobs with a better work ethic, and making life easier with innovative inventions, the American Industrial Revolution was a blessing to America’s progression. Inventions starting from the cotton gin by Eli Whitney to the Model T invented by Henry Ford, the American lives and economy changed drastically. Changing from the agrarian economy to the manufacturing and textile industries, it opened doors to most people to start a new job in a new economy. It would not have been possible to achieve the simplest tasks as we would have today if it was not for the Industrial Revolution. Thus, the Industrial Revolution was a remarkable phenomenon in America’s history.

Corporate america

Corporate America People in todays society probably think that the government runs our country. The sad thing about this is that they are completely wrong. What if the one and only great United States of America was in fact, ran by its massive corporations. As a whole, America has fallen from their past virtues and qualities on how to properly run a government. Nowadays giant corporations can often persuade the government into their favor.Within the picture, some of the top companies in America that supply people with uxuries, have become so accustomed to our culture, they have become essentials and have a bigger say in our lives. Some of these essentials are: Internet Explorer, Nike, and 18M. For the most part, the corporate logos on the flag are some of our major and most dominant companies. With the amount of currency that the companies produce and contribute to the national debt they easily can do what they want and when. The particular logos shown in the picture are mainly the w orlds most successful businesses.The altered American flag could also be acknowledged for the fact that it is the opulation that builds the corporate businesses into the empires they are today. All of the corporate logos are examples of the businesses with the most say. Nike, influences athletes that they wont be good or cool without it. Camel represents that no one will be calm without a cigarette. They range from Gas/Oil companies, Fast Food, and to pornography. Each one of these logos attracts a different emotion to a different audience; Camel to cigarette smokers, Nike to athletes, McDonalds to fast food eaters.This could encourage rage, confusion, and a bit of regret in Americans bout their decisions and what they invest in. Most people can agree that instead of this picture having a negative connotation, it is almost a patriotic accomplishment, of how far we have come with corporate America. It can show that not only do those companies do very well in one area, but even more s uccessful and powerful internationally. America has come very far and distant from its natural virtues and ideas. The multi-billion dollar companies having some of the biggest, if not the biggest, influences in the world mainly caused this.As time has gone on, companies have become the driving factor in our decision making process in our country. With the power capitalized in large companies, they can easily persuade our government into anything that benefits their businesses. When our country was first founded we had a strict democracy planned out where the people would vote on many things going into act. As time has gone on, ideas and decisions have gotten less and less strict, and the companies have learned how to take advantage of the government easier and easier.

Organization Structure: What is functional departmentalization? Essay

Introduction What is organizing? Organizing means arranging the activities in such a way that they systematically contribute to enterprise goals. An organization consists of people whose specialized tasks are coordinated to contribute to the organization’s goals. The usual way of depicting an organization is with an organization chart. It shows the structure of the organization; specifically, the title of each manager’s position and, by means of connecting lines, who is accountable to whom and who is in charge of what area. The organization chart also shows the chain of command (sometimes called the scalar chain or the line of authority) between the top of the organization and the lowest positions in the chart. The chain of command represents the path a directive should take in traveling from the president to employees at the bottom of the organization chart or from employees at the bottom to the top of the organization chart (Dessler, p. 120). At Phoenix Logistics, our organization chart is a creation of functional departmentalization. Functional departmentalization means grouping activities around basic functions like manufacturing, sales, and finance (Dessler, p. 122). At our company, each department is organized around a different business functions: sales/marketing, product development, and technical support. In addition, we have a group of supervisors within each department. These supervisors’ functions include planning, control, and administration. At each of the Department Heads, we also have a staff that works in each department, with an Office Supervisor. The basic idea of Phoenix Logistics’ functional departmentalization is to group activities around the core functions our company must carry out. Hence, our core functions are to create, integrate and deliver business-critical transaction management systems and services that enable the energy industry to enhance reliability and profitability in the competitive market place. Advantages & Disadvantages Advantages Organizing departments around functions has several advantages: 1. It is simple, straightforward, and logical; it makes sense to build departments around the basic functions in which the enterprise must engage. 2. Functional organizations usually have single departments for areas like sales, production, and finance that serve all the company’s products, rather than duplicate facilities for each product. Because the volume in these departments is relatively high, the firm typically gets increased returns to scale–in other words, employees become more proficient from doing the same job over and over again, and the company can afford larger plants and more efficient equipment. Functional organizations are therefore often associated with efficiency. 3. The managers’ duties in each of the functional departments tend to be more specialized (a manager may specialize in finance or production, for instance); the enterprise therefore needs fewer general managers–those with the breadth of experience to administer several functions at once. This can simplify both recruiting and training. 4. Functional department managers also tend to receive information on only part of the big picture of the company–on that which concerns their own specialized functions. This can make it easier for top management to exercise control over the department managers’ activities. Disadvantages Functional organizations also have disadvantages: 1. Responsibility for the enterprise’s overall performance rests on the shoulders of one person, usually the president. He or she may be the only one in a position to coordinate the work of the functional departments, each of which is only one element in producing and supplying the company’s  product or service. This may not be a serious problem when the firm is small or does not work with a lot of products. But as size and diversity of products increase, the job of coordinating, say, production, sales, and finance for many different products may prove too great for one person; the enterprise could lose its responsiveness. 2. Also, the tendency for functional departments to result in specialized managers (finance experts, production experts, and so forth) makes it more difficult to develop managers with the breadth of experience required for general management jobs like president. Implications Qualities of Leadership – Leading your company in a tough economy are a difficult, but not impossible task. Your can help your company weather changing times and come out a winner. As far as a tough economy is concerned the United States has experienced one as recently as September 11, 2001, and although conditions has improved since then, you can bet that tough times will periodically occur in the future. Yet, during all such periods of stagnant growth and lackluster corporate performances, many companies have not only survived, but also prospered. How have they  done it? Change, of course has always been present, but certain economic trends used to be predictable within reasonable limits. Employments would grow at such a pace, interest rates would do this or that, and Gross Domestic Products would reach such and such a level. But today all bets are off. We can scarcely predict with confidence what will happen next week, let alone next year. As H.G Wells said it in a different context, â€Å"the pattern pf things to come fade away.† Becoming an Optimist, optimist managers are better at problem solving during difficult times than pessimistic managers. Optimistic managers are more likely to handle reversals by drawing on past experience, finding good  things about the turn of events and fighting for what they want. Pessimists often accept their fate or bad luck or seek sympathy in understanding. Optimistic managers are therefore more that likely to overcome difficulties and turn problems into opportunities for advancement. To improve the company’s performance, employees need commitment, competence, and communications, the three C’s of success. Commitment is determined spirit of an Olympic swimmer who practices alone for hundreds of pre-dawn hours. Competence is the inner confidence of a well trained pilot who uses all his knowledge, training, equipment, and intuition to make quick decisions. Communications is the critical personal contact and consensus between the CEO and employee that make performance at work flow smoothly. Resources Allocation We generate revenue from three sources: software licenses, software maintenance and implementation revenues. The proportion of what each makes up of our total revenue varies based on the market and our customer base. When a customer decides to purchase our solution they are charged a licensing fee. This fee could vary depending on how many users they estimate using our system, if they need more users we would then charge the customer for more licenses. In order to receive upgrades and enable the customer to use our support desk when there is an issue, we charge a support fee. This fee could be a yearly, quarterly or monthly allocation depending on how the customer would like to be charged. Any software whether it is out of the box or custom produced, there is an implementation process that would need to be done in order to ensure that the software is working properly. This could consist of on-site training, training materials and the use of our support desk. The revenues for our company are generated by these services. These services need to be the best in class in order for our company to make a profit. When  we say best in class that means that they are better than any of our competitors and will give our customers a competitive advantage. Conclusion Phoenix Logistics’ has the expertise and the means for producing the best software in the energy industry. We work with our customers in order to plan, build and implement our software into their business with the least amount of interruption to their employees and their productivity. The return on their investment is in the ease of processing their transactions, turnaround time of those transactions and a time savings in the administrative processing. Our customers will be able to focus their attention on the selling, trading and the delivery of energy to their customers, this is their business and where their profits are generated. Phoenix Logistics is in the business of helping our customers make a profit and to make their customers happy. Works Cited Dessler, Gary. Management, Leading People and Organizations in the 21st Century (2nd ed.), 2001. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.